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<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><font size=\"-1\"><b>\u65b0\u95fb\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/b>www.bloomberg.com<br \/> <b>\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2024-10-01\/the-rise-and-fall-of-china-s-copper-king-here-s-how-it-happened\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Rise and Fall of China\u2019s Copper King. Here\u2019s How It Happened<\/a><br \/> <b>\u65b0\u95fb\u65e5\u671f\uff1a<\/b>2024-10-01<br \/> <b>\u539f\u6587\u6458\u8981\uff1a<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n<pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"> arrived in Shenzhen in the early 1990s with 400 yuan in his pocket. Within three decades, he\u2019d built an empire on the back of China\u2019s infrastructure boom, with relentless self-promotion and a talent for wooing local authorities desperate to attract investment.Today, he\u2019s on the way back to where he began.Dubbed \u2018world copper king\u2019 in local media, Wang was a notable figure in metals trading through the boom years. His marble-floored home and company headquarters, replete with rosewood furniture and photographs of encounters with world leaders, made him the embodiment of the new China\u2019s rags-to-riches dream.Wang grabbed headlines in 2017 when he threw a lifeline to the embattled , founder and then-chairman of property developer China Evergrande Group. He could afford the gesture. At that point, Wang\u2019s  handled \u2014 it said \u2014 a 10th of China\u2019s copper imports. It had a vast network of fabrication plants, ran around 30 business parks and claimed to own mines across the globe.Amer benefited from rapid urbanization, easy access to credit and government subsidies as the country opened. Many did. What Wang also saw was the opportunity to turn local authorities\u2019 hunger for development into profit. He struck deal after deal to turn empty land into industrial parks, feeding a property bubble that has since popped \u2014 leaving China\u2019s economy in the doldrums and his empire in tatters.The copper trading operations and factories have been closed, the business parks shuttered or taken over by local governments. Wang himself is facing legal claims seeking 10.9 billion yuan ($1.6 billion) in unpaid debts.Interviews with business associates, bankers, government officials and former employees tell the story of his rise and then sudden downfall. The wheel of fortune turns fast for China\u2019s billionaires, but few were as closely correlated with the country\u2019s economic vicissitudes as Amer was.That\u2019s in large part due to Wang\u2019s business practices, which mirrored the excesses of the wider financial system and often exacerbated them, especially in smaller cities, the associates and officials said. An edifice built on easy credit and grandiose promises could not withstand the combination of a market downturn and a government crackdown on private enterprise. They asked not to be named given the sensitivity of the topic.Born into an ordinary peasant family in Anhui province in eastern China in 1968, Wang got his first job at a petrochemicals company in Shanghai. When he turned up in Shenzhen in 1993, he later claimed, he slept rough in a cement pipe.During his early days, Wang concentrated on fabricating raw copper into the rods and wire used in everything from kitchen table tops to electrical networks. His timing was perfect, coinciding with China\u2019s spectacular double-digit economic growth in the 1990s, as housing blocks were built and grids were rolled out. He gradually acquired more factories, founding Amer in Hong Kong toward the end of the decade.Wang bought huge amounts of copper when it was cheap, processed it and built up large inventories that were then sold when prices went up.He grew into a larger-than-life character with a loose approach to the truth. A display in the company\u2019s elaborate head office claimed Amer had mines in more than 20 countries in the world, almost certainly an exaggeration. Wang, who saw himself as a scholar, told visitors he read 100 books a year. The tycoon expected the same of his staff, who were given spaces on the office bookshelf to prove the point.\u201cI caught the upward trend in China and the world. I was lucky to be born into a great age,\u201d he said in a . \u201cAnd, of course, I put plenty of effort into it. Normal people wouldn\u2019t work as hard as I do. They are defeated by no one but themselves.\u201dAround the start of the 2010s, he started to set up industrial parks across China \u2014 with practices that reflected the property excesses of the time, former employees and local officials said. His pitch to local governments was that they would be tenanted by high-tech manufacturers, generate lots of tax revenue and jobs, helping officials meet growth targets set by Beijing. In return, Wang\u2019s enterprises received preferential treatment and subsidies. Occasionally, he resold the land.The rapid expansion made it easier to get financing and also in turn gave Amer more credibility with local authorities. Wang would then use the industrial land as collateral to get more loans and set up yet more business parks. The business model helped Wang to build a deep and wide network of government connections throughout China.Many of the people spoken to by Bloomberg said that it was the industrial parks \u2014 not the copper business \u2014 that drove most of Amer\u2019s growth through the 2010s. However, many of the so-called high-tech parks were in fact filled with less-sophisticated manufacturers, according to people involved in the projects. Most of them fell short of expectations, and a number were never completed.The bulk of the more than 60 current legal claims against Wang are related to the business parks, according to Chinese data provider Tianyancha. Court records relating to cases in the northern province of Shandong shine a light on Wang\u2019s methods. In one case, at the beginning of 2019, Amer urged a state-owned company to start building a 20-billion-yuan optoelectronic project even though it hadn\u2019t obtained a construction permit, with the goal of having offices and show rooms to impress visiting government officials. It was never completed and the builder was left with a large unpaid bill, documents show.Multiple attempts to reach Wang via emails and phone calls were unsuccessful. His son, Wang Lizhong, who is listed as a director of Singapore-based commodity trader , also didn\u2019t reply to an email seeking comment.  In 2022, Amer had $112 billion of revenue and stockholder equity of $19.6 billion, according to its Fortune Global 500 ranking. At the time, Wang\u2019s own fortune was as much as $18.6 billion.By then, though, Beijing\u2019s harsh Covid-19 lockdowns \u2014 and the struggle to get the economy moving once restrictions ended \u2014 were already hitting metal demand. Wang\u2019s rapid industrial expansion over decades had helped fuel overcapacity, and now made the contraction worse.His strategy of constant growth, using the industrial land as collateral for more credit, became impossible to sustain. Business park projects were paused, and local governments \u2014 worried about derelict land and buildings and missed fiscal goals \u2014 began to take legal action.Amer\u2019s downfall was rapid. Chinese courts imposed spending limits on Wang twice in the second half of last year, although the restrictions were subsequently lifted. Then, in October last year, more than a dozen managers and traders .The company\u2019s largest industrial park suspended operations the following month, and Wang\u2019s holding was frozen by a court in Shandong, according to the National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System.Wang\u2019s exact whereabouts are unknown. He is believed by former associates to still be in China, although he hasn\u2019t been seen in public for months.<\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 20px 0;\"><div class=\"qrcswholewtapper\" style=\"text-align:left;\"><div class=\"qrcprowrapper\"  id=\"qrcwraa2leds\"><div class=\"qrc_canvass\" id=\"qrc_cuttenpages_2\" style=\"display:inline-block\" data-text=\"https:\/\/news.tomjun.com\/?p=2552\"><\/div><div><a download=\"\u4e2d\u56fd\u94dc\u738b\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u9668\u843d\uff1a\u63ed\u79d8\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b.png\" class=\"qrcdownloads\" id=\"worign\">\r\n           <button type=\"button\" style=\"min-width:200px;background:#44d813;color:#000;font-weight: 600;border: 1px solid #44d813;border-radius:20px;font-size:12px;padding: 6px 0;\" class=\"uqr_code_btn\">\u6587\u7ae0\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801<\/button>\r\n           <\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u643a\u5e26\u4ec5\u56db\u767e\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff0c\u5373\u8e0f\u4e0a\u4e86\u524d\u5f80\u6df1\u5733\u7684\u65c5\u9014\u3002\u77ed\u77ed\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u5546\u4e1a\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u501f\u529b\u4e8e\u4e2d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[80,2373,3935,3138,303],"class_list":["post-2552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-79","tag-80","tag-2373","tag-3935","tag-3138","tag-303"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.tomjun.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.tomjun.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.tomjun.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.tomjun.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.tomjun.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2552"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.tomjun.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2552\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2553,"href":"https:\/\/news.tomjun.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2552\/revisions\/2553"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.tomjun.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.tomjun.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2552"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.tomjun.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}