{"id":1731,"date":"2024-09-26T01:29:30","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T17:29:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kafeizha.com\/?p=1731"},"modified":"2024-09-26T01:29:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-25T17:29:30","slug":"%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e6%9c%80%e5%8f%a4%e8%80%81%e4%b9%b3%e5%88%b6%e5%93%81%e7%8b%ac%e8%87%aa%e4%bf%9d%e9%b2%9c%e6%83%8a%e7%8e%b0%e4%b8%89%e5%8d%83%e5%85%ad%e7%99%be%e5%b9%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.tomjun.com\/?p=1731","title":{"rendered":"\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u72ec\u81ea\u4fdd\u9c9c\u60ca\u73b0\u4e09\u5343\u516d\u767e\u5e74"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5927\u7ea6 3600 \u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u5c5e\u65b0\u7586\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5854\u91cc\u6728\u76c6\u5730\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u5e74\u8f7b\u5973\u5b50\u53bb\u4e16\u5e76\u88ab\u5b89\u846c\u3002\u5e72\u70ed\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u5bc6\u95ed\u68fa\u6750\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u9057\u4f53\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u57282003\u5e74\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u5893\u5730\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u9632\u8150\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5c38\u4f53\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u8eab\u7a7f\u6bdb\u6be1\u5e3d\u3001\u7f20\u8fb9\u7f8a\u6bdb\u5927\u8863\u548c\u76ae\u8d28\u9774\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u8eab\u8fd8\u6709\u5976\u916a\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u6392\u5217\u6210\u9879\u94fe\u72b6\u6446\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u5976\u916a\u201d\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u526f\u6240\u957f\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u53e4\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6 Fu Qiaomei \u8868\u793a\u3002\u5728\u5468\u4e09\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u7ec6\u80de\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cFu \u6559\u6388\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5bf9\u5854\u91cc\u6728\u76c6\u5730\u4e2d\u4e09\u5177\u6728\u4e43\u4f0a\u9888\u90e8\u6563\u843d\u7684\u5976\u916a\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u5171\u751f\u83cc\u7fa4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5236\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5976\u916a\u7684\u8ff7\u604b\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728 7000 \u5e74\u524d\u7684\u9676\u5668\u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u5976\u916a\u7684\u8102\u80aa\u6b8b\u7559\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u82cf\u7f8e\u5c14\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6587\u732e\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u5854\u91cc\u6728\u76c6\u5730\u6837\u672c\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u6700\u65e9\u88ab\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5976\u916a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

Fu \u6559\u6388\u53ca\u5176\u56e2\u961f\u4ece\u5854\u91cc\u6728\u76c6\u5730\u4e09\u5177\u5c38\u4f53\u65c1\u8fb9\u641c\u96c6\u4e86\u6563\u843d\u7684\u5976\u916a\u788e\u7247\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u5e76\u5316\u5b66\u5206\u79bb\u5176\u4e2d\u6b8b\u5b58\u7684 DNA \u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u5236\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u725b\u548c\u7f8a\u7684 DNA \u4f59\u8ff9\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5976\u5747\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u53e4\u4ee3\u5976\u916a\u7684\u5236\u5907\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u80fd\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5230\u5c06\u725b\u5976\u53d1\u9175\u6210\u5976\u916a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684 DNA\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0e\u725b\u5976\u4e00\u8d77\u5f62\u6210\u51dd\u5757\u3001\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a kefir \u7c73\u7c92\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c73\u7c92\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u5177\u6709\u9178\u5976\u53e3\u611f\u7684\u53d1\u9175\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u548c\u67d4\u8f6f\u9178\u5473\u7684 kefir \u5976\u916a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9 Fu \u6559\u6388\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9274\u5b9a\u53e4\u4ee3\u5976\u916a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7269\u79cd\u662f\u201c\u5f02\u5e38\u6fc0\u52a8\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5976\u916a\u5236\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u4ea4\u5f80\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5c06\u5976\u916a\u57cb\u5165\u575f\u5893\u8868\u660e\u5176\u73cd\u8d35\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6df7\u5408\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u725b\u5976\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u7c7b\u578b\u6697\u793a\u5854\u91cc\u6728\u76c6\u5730\u3001\u897f\u5c0f\u6cb3\u5730\u533a\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b27\u4e9a\u8349\u539f\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u4f5b\u8499\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u98df\u54c1\u79d1\u5b66\u540d\u8a89\u6559\u6388 Paul Kindstedt \u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u8ddf\u8e2a\u201d\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u6587\u5b57\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e4b\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u65b0\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u5c1a\u672a\u53c2\u4e0e\u6b64\u6b21\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u201c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\u57cb\u85cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5976\u916a\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u67d4\u8f6f\u4e14\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e1d\u4e1d\u9178\u5473\uff0c\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3 kefir \u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u636e Fu \u6559\u6388\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5c1d\u8fc7\u4ece\u5893\u7a74\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6563\u843d\u788e\u7247\u3002\u201c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u5c1d\u8bd5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u5979\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5c1d\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u5931\u671b\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b 1930 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u5893\u7a74\u53d1\u73b0\u5976\u916a\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u6837\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728 1942 \u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u6c14\u5473\u4e14\u4ec5\u6709\u5c18\u571f\u822c\u7684\u5473\u9053\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0cFu \u6559\u6388\u548c\u5979\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u6e34\u671b\u6839\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5976\u916a\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5236\u4f5c\u5b83\u3002\u201d\u5979\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u8865\u5145\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5854\u91cc\u6728\u76c6\u5730\u7684\u5976\u916a\u6837\u672c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u57c3\u53ca\u5893\u7a74\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u73b0\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u5206\u6790\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002 <\/p>\n

\n

\u65b0\u95fb\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/b>www.nytimes.com
\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/b>World\u2019s Oldest Cheese Stood Alone for 3,600 Years<\/a>
\u65b0\u95fb\u65e5\u671f\uff1a<\/b>2024-09-25
\u539f\u6587\u6458\u8981\uff1a<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

Around 3,600 years ago, a young woman died and was buried in the Tarim Basin, a desert in what\u2019s now the Xinjiang region of northwestern China. The dry conditions and her sealed coffin preserved her body, so when archaeologists uncovered her grave in 2003, they found her naturally mummified remains, still dressed in a felt hat, tasseled wool coat and fur-lined leather boots.\nThey also found chunks of cheese, laid out like a necklace.\nThis dairy decoration is the \u201coldest cheese in the world,\u201d said Qiaomei Fu, a paleogeneticist at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In a study published Wednesday in the journal Cell, Dr. Fu led a genetic analysis of the dairy products and microbes present in cheese from the Tarim Basin, shedding light on how it was made.\nHumanity\u2019s love affair with cheese goes back millenniums. Scientists have found fatty residues on 7,000-year-old pottery that were most likely from cheese, and 4,000-year-old Sumerian texts mention the dairy product. But the Tarim Basin samples are the oldest substances in the world that scientists can confidently call cheese.\nDr. Fu and her team took samples of cheese scattered about the necks of three mummies from the Tarim Basin. They chemically isolated the fragments of DNA that remained and compared them with the genomes of modern species involved in the cheese-making process. They found traces of cow and goat DNA, indicating that the milk of both animals was used in the ancient cheese. They were also able to track down the DNA of microbes responsible for fermenting the milk into cheese.\nThe researchers found species of bacteria and yeast that, together with milk, coagulate into clumps called kefir grains, which are used to produce fermented, yogurt-like kefir milk and soft, sour kefir cheese.\nFor Dr. Fu, identifying the microbe species that produced the ancient cheese was \u201creally, really exciting,\u201d because cheese-making practices can hint at how people lived and whom they interacted with. The inclusion of the cheese in burials indicates that it was valued, and the multiple milk sources and the kind of bacteria used suggests potential interactions between people in the Tarim Basin, the Xiaohe, and peoples from the Eurasian steppe.\n\u201cIt\u2019s a new way of tracking what human cultures were doing long before or in the absence of language or written accounts,\u201d said Paul Kindstedt, a cheese historian and professor emeritus of food science at the University of Vermont, who was not involved with the new study.\nAt the time the cheese was buried, it was most likely soft and tangy, not unlike modern kefir. To Dr. Fu\u2019s knowledge, no one has tasted the crumbly bits that were pulled out of the tomb. \u201cI think people don\u2019t want to try it because we see that it\u2019s not that attractive,\u201d she said.\nBut if they did taste it, they might have been disappointed. Some archaeologists sampled cheese they found in an Egyptian tomb in the 1930s, and their paper from 1942 noted that it had \u201cno smell and only a dusty taste.\u201d\nHowever, Dr. Fu and her colleagues are keen to try to recreate the cheese based upon the information they\u2019ve gleaned about its production. \u201cI think next step, we should make it,\u201d she said.\n<\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/div>
\r\n