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\u65b0\u95fb\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/b>www.abcnews.go.com
\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/b>US-China research has given Beijing’s military technology a boost, House GOP says<\/a>
\u65b0\u95fb\u65e5\u671f\uff1a<\/b>2024-09-23
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Partnerships between the U.S. and China at universities over the past decade have allowed hundreds of millions of dollars in federal funding to aid Beijing in developing critical technology that could be used for military purposes, congressional Republicans asserted in a new report.\nThe report said U.S. tax dollars have contributed to China's technological advancement and military modernization when American researchers worked with their Chinese peers in areas such as hypersonic weapons, artificial intelligence, nuclear technology and semiconductor technology. \nThe report, released Monday by Republicans on the House Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party and the House Education and Workforce Committee, raised concerns over the national security risks of scientific collaborations that were once celebrated. It urged stronger safeguards and more robust enforcement. \nThe committees conducted a yearlong investigation into higher education's role in the economic rivalry with China, especially when it comes to technology. While American universities don't engage in secret research projects, their work \u2014 often among the best in the world \u2014 has the potential to be turned into military capabilities.\nThe U.S. House of Representatives this month approved about two dozen China-related bills, with a clear goal to compete with Beijing in the tech field. The bills, which still need to be approved by the Senate, seek to ban Chinese-made drones, restrict China-linked biotech companies in the U.S. market, and cut off remote Chinese access to advanced U.S. computer chips.\nOther measures include those to curb Beijing's influence on U.S. college campuses and to revive a Trump-era program meant to root out China's spying and theft of intellectual property at American universities and research institutes. That's despite such efforts raising concerns about racial profiling and the ability to keep up exchange programs that boost tolerance between the two countries. \nCollaboration among U.S.-based scholars and China also declined as a result of the Trump administration's anti-spying program, which ended in 2022, researchers say.\nDeputy Secretary of State Kurt Campbell said at a forum by the Council on Foreign Relations earlier this year that he would welcome more Chinese students studying humanities and social sciences but \u201cnot particle physics\" in American schools.\nAbigail Coplin, an assistant professor of sociology and science, technology and society at Vassar College, expressed concerns about the potential harm to academic exchange and scientific engagement, which she said promote understanding and help stabilize relations.\n\u201cClearly American federal funding should not be used to advance China\u2019s military capabilities, but there also needs to be more conversation about what is not an issue of national security and the negative ramifications of over-securitization,\u201d Coplin said. \u201cDecreased person-to-person engagement is contributing to the rapidly fraying U.S.-China relationship at the moment.\u201d\nMonday's report identified about 8,800 publications that involved U.S. researchers who received funding from the Department of Defense or the U.S. intelligence community working with Chinese researchers \u2014 many of whom were affiliated with China's defense research and industrial base. Such research is \u201cproviding back-door access to the very foreign adversary nation whose aggression these capabilities are necessary to protect against,\u201d the report said.\nThe House investigation also flagged what it described as problematic joint institutes between U.S. and Chinese universities, which the report said \u201cconceal a sophisticated system for transferring critical U.S. technologies and expertise\u201d to China.\nThrough those institutes, American researchers and scientists, including those who conduct federally funded research, have traveled to China to work with and advise Chinese scholars and train Chinese students, the report said. \n\"This creates a direct pipeline for the transfer of the benefit of their research expertise\u201d to China, the report said.\nThe Georgia Institute of Technology, which is named in the report for its joint Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, defended its work in China, saying it was focused on educating students, not research, and that the report's claims are \u201cunsubstantiated.\"\n\u201cThere was no research conducted at GTSI, no facilitation of technology transfer, and no federal funding provided to China,\u201d the university said in a statement.\nHowever, Georgia Tech announced Sept. 6 that it would discontinue its participation in the joint institute with Tianjin University and the government of Shenzhen, a city in southern China. Georgia Tech said the partnership was \u201cno longer tenable\u201d after the U.S. Commerce Department accused Tianjin University in 2020 of theft of trade secrets.\nThe congressional report also identified Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, which the University of California, Berkeley, and China's Tsinghua University opened in 2015 in the city of Shenzhen to focus on \u201cstrategic emerging industries,\u201d according to the institute's website.\nBerkeley's researchers \u201cengage only in research whose results are always openly disseminated around the world\" and the school was \u201cnot aware of any research by Berkeley faculty at TBSI conducted for any other purpose,\u201d Katherine Yelick, the university's vice chancellor for research, said in a statement.\nBerkeley also is unwinding its partnership, saying it has no oversight of research activities conducted only by non-Berkeley employees at the joint institute.\nThe U.S. university has decided \u201cto start the process of relinquishing all ownership\u201d in the Shenzhen school \u201cafter careful consideration, which began several months ago,\" Yelick said.\nShe said Berkeley \"takes concerns about research security very seriously \u2014 including those concerns voiced by Congress.\u201d\nThe University of Pittsburgh, which is named in the report for its cooperation with Sichuan University, said it could not comment because the Pennsylvania university \u201cwas not consulted and did not work with the House Select Committee throughout the investigation.\"\n<\/pre>\n
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