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\u65b0\u95fb\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/b>www.nytimes.com
\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/b>Biden Administration Proposes Ban on Chinese Software in Vehicles<\/a>
\u65b0\u95fb\u65e5\u671f\uff1a<\/b>2024-09-23
\u539f\u6587\u6458\u8981\uff1a<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

The Biden administration announced a sweeping initiative on Monday to ban Chinese-developed software from internet-connected cars in the United States, justifying the move on national security grounds. The action is intended to prevent Chinese intelligence agencies from monitoring the movements of Americans or using the vehicles\u2019 electronics as a pathway into the U.S. electric grid or other critical infrastructure.\nThe move, most likely the last major cutoff of Chinese products into the United States under the Biden administration, follows the same logic that resulted in the ban on Huawei telecommunications equipment and the investigations into Chinese-made cranes operating at American ports.\nCombined with the effort by Congress to force TikTok to cut its ties with its Chinese owners, the initiative is a major addition to the administration\u2019s efforts to seal off what it views as major cybervulnerabilities for the United States. But the effort has, in effect, begun to drop a digital iron curtain between the world\u2019s two largest economies, which only two decades ago were declaring that the internet would bind them together.\nBriefing reporters, administration officials said that national security concerns, not politics, drove the Commerce Department to propose the ban, which officials said would probably be made a permanent rule before President Biden leaves office on Jan. 20. This year, Mr. Biden announced 100 percent tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles, saying they were wildly subsidized in China. The announcement was notable because such cars had barely begun to enter the U.S. market \u2014 and Mr. Biden explicitly cast it as a way of keeping jobs in America.\n\u201cMany of these technologies collect large volumes of information on drivers,\u201d Jake Sullivan, Mr. Biden\u2019s national security adviser, told reporters on Sunday. They also connect constantly with personal devices, with other cars, with U.S. critical infrastructure and with the original manufacturers of vehicles and components.\nHe added: \u201cAnd for that reason, connected vehicles and the technology they use bring new vulnerabilities and threats, especially in the case of vehicles or components developed in the P.R.C. and other countries of concern,\u201d he said, using the initials for the People\u2019s Republic of China.\nMr. Sullivan made reference to the U.S. concerns about what is called Volt Typhoon, which American intelligence officials and the F.B.I. say is a Chinese effort to insert code into American power systems, water pipelines and other critical infrastructure. U.S. officials fear that in a time of crisis \u2014 for example, a Chinese effort to take Taiwan \u2014 the code could be deployed to cripple American military bases, slowing their response.\nWhile they are assessing other industries that could be subject to software and hardware rules similar to those proposed for the Chinese auto industry, officials said that none that they are now contemplating would have the reach of the Chinese automotive ban.\nCombating real and perceived Chinese threats is one of the few issues that have won both Democratic and Republican support, though many experts on China believe that the fear of Beijing has gone too far \u2014 and that it is also hurting American consumers. Nonetheless, whether former President Donald J. Trump is returned to the Oval Office or Vice President Kamala Harris is elected, experts believe that the expanding list of banned Chinese imports \u2014 and the restrictions on what kinds of chips and software can be exported to Beijing \u2014 will most likely only accelerate.\nRichard Fontaine, the chief executive of the Center for a New American Security who is an author of the recently published book \u201cLost Decade: The U.S. Pivot to Asia and the Rise of Chinese Power,\u201d said in an interview that the move was an expansion of the U.S. effort to create a \u201chigh fence around a small yard\u201d of strategically important goods.\n\u201cOn China tech, it\u2019s clear that the \u2018small yard\u2019 is growing in size and will continue no matter who wins the election in November,\u201d Mr. Fontaine said. \u201cPolicymakers of all stripes are increasingly worried about the national security risks that attend Chinese technology, particularly when they imagine what might happen in a confrontation.\u201d\nUnder the proposed rule, Russian software would also be included \u2014 though the Russians produce almost nothing that could be banned.\n\u201cThe precedent is significant, and I think it just reflects the complexities of a world where a lot of connected devices can be weaponized,\u201d said Brad Setser, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. \u201cThe security competition and rivalry between the U.S. and China is increasing. So, certainly, there is a possibility that this precedent could expand over time.\u201d\nPeter Harrell, who was previously the National Security Council\u2019s senior director for international economics during the Biden administration, said federal officials could examine Chinese-made drones, which pose similar surveillance and safety risks.\n\u201cThis is likely to be opening the door, over a number of years, to a much broader governmental set of actions,\u201d Mr. Harrell said.\nAlthough he said he was not sure whether the Biden administration would be able to get much more out the door before Mr. Biden\u2019s term ended, he said the country would \u201clikely see a continuation of this under either Trump or Harris.\u201d\nThe proposed ban would apply to all wheeled vehicles on the road, including cars, trucks and buses. It would exclude vehicles not used on public roads, like those for agriculture or mining.\nThe ban on Chinese- or Russian-origin software in connected and autonomous vehicles would start in model year 2027. The proposed rule would also ban hardware integrated into vehicle connectivity systems beginning in model year 2030.\nGina Raimondo, the commerce secretary, acknowledged that few Chinese or Russian vehicles were on U.S. roads now, but said that the administration wanted to take proactive measures to \u201csecure the American people, including our children, from potential surveillance.\u201d\nMs. Raimondo said foreign adversaries could use their software in connected vehicles to collect data on where drivers live and where their children go to school, among other things. In an extreme situation, a foreign adversary could shut down or take control of all of its vehicles operating in the United States, a move that could cause crashes and block roads, Ms. Raimondo said.\n\u201cThis is not about trade or economic advantage,\u201d Ms. Raimondo said on a call with reporters on Sunday. \u201cThis is a strictly national security action.\u201d\nThe proposed rule comes after Mr. Biden ordered the Commerce Department in February to open an investigation into the threat from technology embedded in Chinese vehicles.\nIt also follows steps the Biden administration has taken to hinder imports of Chinese cars, which officials worry could undermine the administration\u2019s efforts to ramp up the domestic manufacturing of clean energy products.\nIn May, the Biden administration quadrupled tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles to 100 percent, an effort meant to make those vehicles more cost-prohibitive and to protect American automakers that are set to receive billions in federal subsidies. The federal government is offering lucrative tax credits and subsidies as incentives for companies to deploy more electric-vehicle, solar and wind projects. The initiative is expected to cost hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade.\nThe administration has also moved to limit the ability of Chinese companies to benefit from tax credits that consumers can claim to help offset the cost of electric vehicles.\n<\/pre>\n
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