{"id":1279,"date":"2024-09-22T11:12:17","date_gmt":"2024-09-22T03:12:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kafeizha.com\/?p=1279"},"modified":"2024-09-22T11:12:17","modified_gmt":"2024-09-22T03:12:17","slug":"%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e8%bd%a6%e4%bc%81%e5%ba%94%e5%af%b9%e6%ac%a7%e7%9b%9f%e5%85%b3%e7%a8%8e%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e6%ac%a7%e6%b4%b2%e5%bb%ba%e5%8e%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.tomjun.com\/?p=1279","title":{"rendered":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u8f66\u4f01\u5e94\u5bf9\u6b27\u76df\u5173\u7a0e\uff1a\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5efa\u5382"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u65b0\u95fb\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/b>www.nytimes.com
\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/b>Chinese Automakers\u2019 Answer to E.U. Tariffs: Build in Europe<\/a><\/font>
\u65b0\u95fb\u65e5\u671f\uff1a<\/b>2024-09-19<\/p>\n

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\u539f\u6587\u6458\u8981\uff1a<\/b><\/p>\n

The leafy city of Szeged, Hungary, boasting wide avenues, a respected university and ornate, pale yellow villas near the country\u2019s border with Serbia, looks more like a relic of the Hapsburg empire than the location of Europe\u2019s automotive future.
\nBut at a 740-acre construction site there, excavators have already begun preparing for what will be the first European assembly plant of China\u2019s leading automaker, BYD. Large concrete pipes and stacks of metal sheets stand ready, with the cornerstone to be set this fall.
\nTiming is crucial. The European Union is poised to decide by Oct. 30 whether to increase tariffs on electric vehicles entering the bloc from China. The duties, which come on top of an existing 10 percent tariff, would range from 9 to 35.3 percent and remain in effect for five years. They are significantly lower than the 100 percent tariffs imposed by the United States and Canada, but they come as Chinese automakers are eager to break into the European market.
\nBYD has already been seeking to raise its profile in Europe, working with distributors across 19 countries to offer electric and hybrid models and sponsoring the European Championship soccer tournament this summer.
\n\u201cThey have very ambitious plans,\u201d Sandor Nagy, a deputy mayor responsible for urban development in Szeged, said of BYD\u2019s plant, which the company plans to bring online next year. \u201cAnd they obviously have a very strong incentive with the tariffs.\u201d
\nOther Chinese automakers, eager to convince Europeans that their cars are fun to drive and more affordable than models made by European companies, are also looking for ways to avoid the tariffs.
\nChery, a Chinese car manufacturer, announced in April that it would begin producing electric vehicles in Barcelona, in partnership with Ebro EV Motors. Stellantis, whose European brands include Peugeot, Fiat and Opel, announced in May that it was entering into a partnership with Leapmotor of China, with production of electric vehicles in Europe to begin this fall.
\nZhejiang Geely Holding, which acquired the Swedish automaker Volvo Cars in 2010, is also scouting for a possible production site in Europe. It owns Polestar, which is based in Sweden, but produces its vehicles in China. Earlier this year, the company began making an S.U.V. at a plant in South Carolina, which will also be used to supply the European market.
\nThe moves into Europe come as deliberations about the tariffs head into their final weeks. Wang Wentao, China\u2019s minister of commerce, is touring European capitals ahead of a meeting on Thursday in Brussels with Valdis Dombrovskis, the E.U. commissioner for trade.
\nE.U. officials worry that China poses a threat to Europe\u2019s auto industry, which accounts for nearly 7 percent of the region\u2019s economic output. They say that Beijing has not offered a solution that sufficiently addresses their concerns that years of government support have granted Chinese automakers an unfair advantage over their European peers.
\nAnalysts believe that shifting production closer to the market will benefit both sides: The European auto industry would gain jobs and access to cutting-edge technology, while Chinese producers would save on tariffs and shipping costs.
\n\u201cI don\u2019t think it makes corporate sense from simply a profitability point of view to think you can supply the global car market from factories in China,\u201d said Jacob F. Kirkegaard, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics.
\nChinese brands accounted for 3.7 percent of all electric vehicles sold in Europe in 2023, compared with 0.4 percent of market share four years earlier. That number is expected to climb in the next five years.
\nIn July, Turkey announced that BYD would build an assembly plant there, with production of battery-powered and hybrid cars to begin in 2026. Turkey is not an E.U. member, but trade agreements mean that cars made there would not be subject to the tariffs.
\nIn Szeged, BYD is aiming to ramp up production over the next few years, creating thousands of new jobs. The speed is part of a push to get its cars onto the European market, despite the recent slump in demand.
\nAlready the company has been working to make itself known across Europe, setting up relationships with dealers. At the European soccer championship in Germany, BYD displayed its cars at fan fairs in 10 different cities and its logo flashed on the sideboards throughout the matches.
\nGermany is Europe\u2019s largest economy and its largest market for cars. But it also holds a special prestige for China. Germany\u2019s top automakers \u2014 Volkswagen, BMW and Mercedes-Benz \u2014 helped to develop the auto industry there through joint ventures formed with Chinese companies in the early 1990s.
\nBut German consumers are traditionally conservative and deeply loyal to their brands. Berlin\u2019s decision to abruptly cut subsidies toward the purchase of electric vehicles led to a nearly 37 percent drop in new registrations in the year through July, compared with the same time in the previous year.
\nThat has not stopped Chinese automakers from trying to gain a toehold. Last week, several Chinese car manufacturers displayed their latest models at a trade fair in Frankfurt that is normally focused on automotive suppliers.
\n\u201cEven if some in Europe turn against us, we will never turn against the European market,\u201d Victor Yang, senior vice president at Geely, told reporters at the fair.
\nThe interest in Europe is not just from automakers. More Chinese suppliers have arrived over the past several years to be closer to the assembly plants that purchase their products, said Maarten Otte, the head of investor relations for Central and Eastern Europe at CTP, a logistics and industrial real estate firm.
\nAutomakers such as BMW that rely on parts made by Chinese companies are concerned about the costs and the risks associated with shipping goods overseas and are looking to make their supply chains more affordable and secure, he said.
\n\u201cSo they say, \u2018If you want to produce for our European market, you need to be in Europe,\u2019\u201d Mr. Otte said. A combination of skilled workers available at lower wages and the availability of undeveloped land has made countries in Central and Eastern Europe especially interesting, he said.
\nThe Hungarian government of Viktor Orban has pledged incentives to support the project but has not yet disclosed the amount. BYD did not respond to a request for comment.
\nSome analysts have drawn parallels between the situation playing out in Europe and Washington\u2019s approach to Toyota and Honda, Japanese brands that invested heavily in production in the United States in the 1980s.
\nBut despite attempts to shift the relationship from cooperation to competition, China remains Europe\u2019s second-largest trading partner, after the United States, with bilateral trade worth 739 billion euros, or $814 billion, in 2023.
\n\u201cAll of these things combined produce an overall political situation where the national security-driven U.S. approach is certainly not desirable in Europe,\u201d said Mr. Kirkegaard of the Peterson Institute.
\nThis is especially true in Germany, where automakers are heavily invested in China and, fearful of endangering their interests there, oppose the tariffs.
\nAnd during a visit to China last week, Pedro S\u00e1nchez, the prime minister of Spain \u2014 Europe\u2019s second-largest car manufacturer \u2014 urged Brussels to reconsider its position, arguing that pursuing the tariffs would be harmful.
\n\u201cWe don\u2019t need another war, in this case a trade war,\u201d Mr. S\u00e1nchez said. \u201cI think we need to build bridges between the European Union and China.\u201d
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