{"id":1079,"date":"2024-09-22T04:39:44","date_gmt":"2024-09-21T20:39:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kafeizha.com\/?p=1079"},"modified":"2024-09-22T04:39:44","modified_gmt":"2024-09-21T20:39:44","slug":"tiktok-%e7%a7%b0%e6%9c%aa%e4%bc%a0%e6%92%ad%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e5%ae%a3%e4%bc%a0%ef%bc%8c%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e7%a7%b0%e5%ad%98%e5%9c%a8%e5%ae%9e%e9%99%85%e9%a3%8e%e9%99%a9%ef%bc%8c%e7%9c%9f%e7%9b%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.tomjun.com\/?p=1079","title":{"rendered":"TikTok \u79f0\u672a\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\u56fd\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u79f0\u5b58\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u771f\u76f8\u5982\u4f55\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u65b0\u95fb\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/b>www.nbcnews.com
\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/b>TikTok says it’s not spreading Chinese propaganda. The U.S. says there’s a real risk. What’s the truth?<\/a><\/font>
\u65b0\u95fb\u65e5\u671f\uff1a<\/b>2024-09-16<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u548c\u4e00\u540d\u9ad8\u7ea7\u60c5\u62a5\u5b98\u5458\u5728\u6cd5\u9662\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f7f\u7528TikTok\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba3\u4f20\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e24\u4efd\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u652f\u6301TikTok\u5e73\u53f0\u504f\u597d\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u538b\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u7586\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0cTikTok\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u76f8\u5173\u7684propaganda\u3002<\/p>\n

TikTok\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u975e\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u6709\u8bef\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u7279\u5b9a\u7ed3\u8bba\u800c\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u201d\u3002TikTok\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u521b\u5efa\u5047\u8d26\u6237\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u53cd\u6620\u5b9e\u9645\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53cd\u6620\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u519b\u60c5\u62a5\u5b98\u5458Casey Blackburn\u5728\u5176\u9644\u52a0\u58f0\u660e\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5185\u5bb9\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eByteDance\u548cTikTok\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6076\u610f\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7a83\u542c\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u610f\u56fe\u3002 <\/p>\n

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\u539f\u6587\u6458\u8981\uff1a<\/b><\/p>\n

Is TikTok trying to secretly influence Americans at the behest of the Chinese government? That question is at the heart of the legal battle over a law passed by Congress that could result in a ban on the popular social media company in the United States \u2014 a clash that will play out in court Monday as each side presents oral arguments in a Washington, D.C., courtroom. In court documents filed in advance of the hearing \u2014 heavily redacted, because they contain classified information \u2014 the Justice Department and a senior U.S. intelligence official say flatly that they have no direct evidence China has used TikTok for propaganda purposes in the U.S. They also say there is significant risk that could happen. But a pair of academic studies \u2014 cited in the court documents and congressional testimony \u2014 make the case that the platform is biased in favor of Chinese government views, including suppressing information on China\u2019s treatment of its Uyghur minority and its actions in Tibet. And an analysis of the ownership structure of TikTok parent company ByteDance, obtained by NBC News, argues that the company is deeply entangled with some of China\u2019s major government propaganda organs. The studies, by the Network Contagion Research Institute (NCRI) at Rutgers University, \u201cpresent compelling and strong circumstantial evidence of TikTok\u2019s covert content manipulation,\u201d the authors wrote. The most recent one, published last month, found that TikTok suppresses anti-China content compared to YouTube and other social media platforms. TikTok says the studies are deeply flawed. The Justice Department disagrees and cited some of the research in its brief for Monday\u2019s oral arguments before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, TikTok\u2019s first foray into a federal courtroom to challenge the law. The case could ultimately end up at the Supreme Court. The ownership analysis, prepared by Strider Technologies \u2014 a private analytical firm with long experience sifting through publicly available information in China \u2014 examines the influence on TikTok of a Chinese government company through what\u2019s known as a golden share, a 1% interest in ByteDance\u2019s main Chinese subsidiary that it says gives the company three directors\u2019 seats and other special privileges. In recent years, according to media reports, Chinese government entities have increasingly taken golden shares in technology companies. TikTok says there is nothing unusual about the structure. Congress enacts a de facto ban As many as a third of Americans ages 18 to 29 get most of their news from TikTok, and research shows half of that cohort uses the platform to keep up with politics. The platform\u2019s growing popularity, amid an increasingly adversarial U.S. relationship with China, sparked a rare bipartisan movement to action this year in Washington. In April, Congress passed a bill giving ByteDance 270 days to sell TikTok. If that doesn\u2019t happen, the app would be subject to restrictions on downloads and content sharing. ByteDance says that amounts to a ban, and the company went to court to stop it, arguing it violates the free speech protections of the Constitution\u2019s First Amendment. Members of Congress from both parties say they view TikTok as essentially under the control of the Chinese government, regardless of the professions of independence by company officials.\u00a0 \u201cWe shouldn\u2019t lose sight of the fact that under Chinese law, TikTok\u2019s owners are ultimately beholden not to shareholders or their users, but to the Communist Party of China,\u201d Democratic Sen. Mark Warner, chairman of the Senate intelligence committee, said in a statement to NBC News. American intelligence agencies for years have been raising concerns about what they say are the national security risks from TikTok, which they frame as potential harms that so far have not come to pass. They say the risks are twofold: that the Chinese government could exploit the sensitive information TikTok retains on its 170 million U.S. users, including location and phone contacts; and that TikTok\u2019s proprietary algorithm could be secretly manipulated by the Chinese government to shape the content that users receive \u201cfor its own malign purposes,\u201d as the Justice Department brief puts it. U.S. officials also point out that China\u2019s national security law requires Chinese companies to provide data and otherwise cooperate with the government upon request. TikTok counters that the information it collects is no different than that gathered by many popular apps, and it says it would never provide data or shape its content at the behest of the Chinese government. And it says the U.S. government also has the ability to demand user data from tech companies for intelligence and law enforcement purposes. In an affidavit attached to the latest Justice Department filing, a senior intelligence official \u2014 Casey Blackburn, assistant director of national intelligence and the director of the Office of Economic Security and Emerging Technology at the Office of the Director of National Intelligence \u2014 wrote that ByteDance and TikTok \u201cpose a potential threat to U.S. national security because they could be used by the [People\u2019s Republic of China] against the United States in two principal ways: malign foreign influence targeting U.S. persons, and collection of sensitive data of U.S. persons.\u201d He wrote that \u201cthere is a risk that the PRC may coerce ByteDance or TikTok to covertly manipulate the information received by the millions of Americans that use the TikTok application every day, through censorship or manipulation of TikTok\u2019s algorithm, in ways that benefit the PRC and harm the United States.\u201d But, he added, \u201cwe have no information that the PRC has done so with respect to the platform operated by TikTok in the United States.\u201d The NCRI analyses suggest that TikTok\u2019s content delivery system already is skewed in ways that benefit the Chinese government. The first one, published in December 2023 and cited in Blackburn\u2019s affidavit, found that sensitive topics often censored by the Chinese government within its borders \u2014 including the Tiananmen Square massacre, Chinese oppression of Tibetans and the Uyghur population, and pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong \u2014 are significantly underrepresented on TikTok compared with Instagram. That is true even though content about pop culture topics generally appears at the same frequency on Instagram and TikTok, according to the analysis. \u201cWe assess a strong possibility that content on TikTok is either amplified or suppressed based on its alignment with the interests of the Chinese government,\u201d the report said. In the second study, published last month, researchers created 24 accounts on Instagram, YouTube and TikTok, and searched for content that is often censored in China, including \u201cUyghur,\u201d \u201cXinjiang,\u201d \u201cTibet\u201d and \u201cTiananmen.\u201d The results include much more pro-China content than anti-China content, and far more irrelevant information than what came up on the other platforms, the study says. \u201cThis report establishes that TikTok algorithms actively suppress content critical of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) while simultaneously boosting pro-China propaganda and promoting distracting, irrelevant content,\u201d the researchers wrote. In a statement, TikTok called the study a \u201cnon-peer reviewed, flawed experiment \u2026 clearly engineered to reach a false, predetermined conclusion.\u201d A TikTok spokesperson added, \u201cCreating fake accounts that interact with the app in a prescribed manner does not reflect real users\u2019 experience, just as this so-called study does not reflect facts or reality.\u201d In his affidavit, Blackburn, the U.S. intelligence official, says the U.S. concern about content manipulation \u201cis grounded in the actions ByteDance and TikTok have already taken overseas, and in [China\u2019s] malign activities in the United States that, while not reliant on ByteDance and TikTok to date, demonstrate its capability and intent to engage in malign foreign influence and theft of sensitive data.\u201d A Chinese government stake TikTok\u2019s CEO has told Congress his company has no relationship with the Chinese Communist Party. The Strider analysis points to the \u201cgolden share\u201d owned by Net Investment Chinese (Beijing) Technology Co. That company is co-owned by the Communist Party-led China Central Radio and Television Station and the Beijing State-owned Cultural Assets Supervision and Administration Office, among other government entities, Strider found. \u201cDespite the relatively small economic ownership associated with this stake, the special share includes privileges that give Net Investment Chinese (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. and its government controllers significant influence over ByteDance,\u201d Strider wrote in its analysis. Among those the company appointed to the board of the ByteDance subsidiary is Wu Shugang, who \u201chas spent most of his public sector career in propaganda roles since he joined China\u2019s Ministry of Education in 2007, according to Chinese government websites and official media reports,\u201d Strider found. ByteDance has said that the Chinese subsidiary had to adopt a \u201cspecial management share\u201d arrangement to obtain the licenses for its social-media apps \u2014 and that the subsidiary doesn\u2019t have input in the parent\u2019s global operations, including TikTok. A TikTok spokesperson said, “Everyone knows all international companies need to abide by the local laws and regulations of the jurisdictions in which they operate.” In their court brief, lawyers for TikTok did not seek to address the government\u2019s concerns about national security, which they called \u201cspeculative,\u201d or links to the Chinese Communist Party. They framed the case as entirely a dispute about free speech. They cited a Supreme Court case decided at the height of the Cold War holding that the First Amendment barred efforts to ban receipt of \u201ccommunist political propaganda\u201d from foreign countries. \u201cSubject to narrow, well-established exceptions not applicable here, speech does not lose First Amendment protection because the government deems it untrue,\u201d they wrote. \u201cNever before has Congress expressly singled out and shut down a specific speech forum. Never before has Congress silenced so much speech in a single act.\u201d<\/p>\n

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